What is it? :: Kefir

What it is?
It is probably one of the most ancient of all cultured milk products. Simply put, it's cultured milk like yogurt or sour cream. Unlike either it is fermented with it's culture. Cow, goat or sheep's milk is used most often. A culture is added, a SCOBY (Symbiotic Cooperation of Bacteria and Yeast), called Kefir Grains. the SCOBY mass looks like grains.

Kefir is made from gelatinous white or yellow particles called “grains.” This makes kefir unique, as no other milk culture forms grains. These grains contain the bacteria/yeast mixture clumped together with casein (milk proteins) and complex sugars. They look like pieces of coral or small clumps of cauliflower and range from the size of a grain of wheat to that of a hazelnut. Some of the grains have been known to grow in large flat sheets that can be big enough to cover your hand!. The grains ferment the milk, incorporating their friendly organisms to create the cultured product. The grains are then removed with a strainer before consumption of the kefir and added to a new batch of milk.

Brief History of Kefir:
The shepherds of the Caucasus Region carried milk in leather pouches. The noticed that it occasionally fermented into something that was carbonated and tasty. They would hang these bags on their doors, and people walking by would knock the bag, keeping the culture and milk well mixed.

The drink is world wide. As populations spread out, the new smaller groups kept their food culture.

According to http://www.kefir.biz/history.htm

"Amongst the people of the northern slopes of the Caucasian Mountains there is a legend that Mohammed gave kefir grains to the Orthodox people and taught them how to make kefir. The 'Grains of the Prophet’ were guarded jealously since it was believed that they would lose their strength if the grains were given away and the secret of how to use them became common knowledge.

Kefir grains were regarded as part of the family's and tribe's wealth and they were passed on from generation to generation.
So, for centuries the people of the northern Caucasus enjoyed this food without sharing it with anyone else they came into contact with.
Other peoples occasionally heard strange tales of this unusual beverage which was said to have ‘magical’ properties. Marco Polo mentioned kefir in the chronicles of his travels in the East."

There is a much more detailed and thorough history on the site mentioned above.

Chock full o stuffFull of minerals, vitamins and amino acids

• Contains partially digested proteins which can be used by the body easier.
• Contains tryptophan, calcium and magnesium -- keeping you calmer, less stressed and your nervous system healthy.
• Has phosphorus to help our bodies use carbs, fat and proteins to make cells & energy, and for body maintenance.
• B12, B1m Vitamin K, Biotin. -- Aids in the utilization of other B Vitamins like folic acid, pantothenic acid as well as B12.
• Aids in kidney, liver and nervous system health, relief from skin disorders, increased energy.
• Easily digestable
• Cleans intestines
• Beneficial bacteria and yeast
• Balanced, Complete, Wholesome, and Nourishing food
• Promotes immune system health
• Has been used in the treatment of a multitude of disorders including AIDS, CFS, depression and ADHD.
• May help relieve digestive problems and make your inner ecosystem healthier.
• May also help to relieve cravings for unhealthy foods like sweets.

Sounds odd, I know. I did to me to. I mean really, fermented milk? GROSS! But really, it's not. Cheese, yogurt, sour cream, butter milk... Those are all cultured milk products that we use every day. People have been making and using kefir in their own homes, long before refrigeration and sanitation standards. Even now, the health benefits have reached the world over, and into the local super market. You can find cultures as well as premade kefir drinks in your dairy section of most grocery or health food stores.

I found powdered culture at my natural food store, and kefired a whole quart! I wasn't sure of it at first. It was unfamiliar. I threw in a tablespoon of honey and let it warm up a bit. It was fizzy and sweet from the honey, tangy like yogurt, and thick like a smoothie. YUM! 

It's only been a week and I can't wait to have my next glass in the morning. I'm not sure if I truly feel a difference to write home about, but it doesn't suck. It's a great thing to have in the morning for the pick me up with your coffee.

By the way, it makes a KILLER smoothie, with some fruit and honey.

References:

http://www.kefir.biz
http://www.kefir.net

How To: Curds & Whey

Little Miss Muffet 4by *intergalacticstock

I'm sure we many of us remember the old nursery rhyme about little miss muffet.

“Little Miss Muffet, sat on a tuffet,
eating her curds and whey.
Along came a spider who sat down beside her,
and frightened Miss Muffet away.”


Curds and Whey is what we usually call “cottage cheese” and it is readily sold in grocery stores. Large curd, small curd, whole milk, 2 percent, skim, so many name for the same basic thing that has been eaten for a millenia. Curds are the milk solids, and whey is the liquid that remains after curdling. Most of the time they are separated for cheese making, and the whey is tossed aside.


Did you know that you can make your own cottage cheese at home? Sure you can. Once you get this part down, than you can make a couple other types of fresh cheeses to enjoy.

For this recipe I prefer fresh raw whole milk, but conventional will do. I wouldn't go beyond 2% milk. The fat helps with mouth feel and proper coagulation. If you use convetional, I'd recommend organic. You'll get a better product.

What You'll Need:

• ½ Gallon Whole or 2% Milk
  
• 1/4 - 1/2 C. Lemon Juice
  
• 1 tsp. Salt (or to taste)
  
• Cheese cloth, muslin or a piece of clean cotton t-shirt.
  
• A strainer. Plastic is preferred, but stainless steel will do. Do not use aluminum because it will react badly with the acid.
  
• Heavy bottomed sauce pot.
  
• Wooden spoon.
  
• Glass bowl
  
• Cold Water

On to the making...

1. Put the colander into the bowl, then line the bowl with the cloth, at put it in your sink. We'll come back to this
   
2. Pour the milk into a heavy bottom sauce pot, add salt and slowly bring to a boil. I don't go above medium heat for this. Check it constantly and stir gently. Milk will boil over very quickly so keep close tabs on it.
   
3. Once it has come to a boil, turn down the head to a simmer, and slowly add the juice. Stirring as little as possible and VERY gently, so you don't break up the curds. Use your judgement here, if it needs more lemon juice, add it, but a little at a time.
   
4. When the solids and liquid have separated, simmer for another 30 seconds or so.
   
5. Pour the cheese and whey into the strainer. Lift your colander slowly so you don't splash yourself with hot liquids. Reserve the liquid in the bowl, and set that aside. Let the cheese drain.
   
6. Run cold water on the curds, moving them gently around with your hand. This will remove the lemon juice flavor and firm up the curd slightly.
   
7. Bundle up the curds, drain, and squeeze gently to get more liquid out.
   
8. If you want the curd in smaller pieces, now is the time to do it. Be gentle. Use your hands.
9. Put your strained curds into a storage container, and taste them to check the salt. Add more if you want to.
   
10. Let the whey cool to room temperature if it hasn't already, then add about ¼ to a ½ cup of the whey into the curd. Stir gently to combine. Adjust the liquid to your personal preference.
    
11. Snap on the lid of your container, and let it set in the fridge for a few hours. Come back and check if the liquid is still how you like it. Remove or add according to your taste. Put it back into the refrigerator for another 24 hours to let it set before eating.
    
12. Enjoy your home made cottage cheese.
    

Once you get this whole curds and whey thing down, you can make paneer and queso fresco. They both start with this basic separation method. We'll explore those cheeses and more in my next post.

It's easier than it seems, I promise you. Once you get the hang of it, you'll be making it more and more. And do you remember that extra whey? That isn't a waste product. There are things we can do with it. It is still packed with nutrition and awesome enzymes for fermentation. I could write several more posts on those subjects, and I most certainly will.

What it it? :: Got Milk... in the Raw?

Milk glass 1 by ~makemeyours

What is Raw Milk?

Raw milk is just that, raw. It has not been homogenized or pasteurized. It is as pure from the animal as it could possibly be without you consuming it from the animal's teats yourself.

Pasteurized & Homogenized... Is it really safer?

Pasteurization is the process of heating a food, usually a liquid to a specific temperature, for a specific length of time and then cooling it right away to slow the growth of harmful bacteria, which slows it's spoilage. It was never intended to kill ALL of the microorganisms, but to reduce their numbers so the food will have a longer shelf life.


Homogenization of milk is done to make the milk solids, fats and liquids one big happy family, also known as an emulsion. Like oil and vinegar for a salad dressing, mixing it forms a consistent product, in mouth feel and flavor.


Do this pair of processes really make a safer milk? Yes and no. Like anything there are pros and cons to both. The FDA as well as the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) say that raw milk is unsafe to drink due to pathogens, while a movement of organizations and people promoting a traditional foods lifestyle say that raw milk can be produced in a humane and safe way.


And of course to cover my own ass: “The Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and other health agencies of the United States strongly recommend that the public do not consume raw milk or raw milk products. Young children, the elderly, people with weakened immune systems, and pregnant women are particularly susceptible to infections originating in raw milk.”


Laws and regulations vary between countries and even provinces and states. People in the United States can find out about them here; http://www.realmilk.com/milk-laws-1.html and my international friends should look them up according to your location.

Two kinds of raw milk? Really?

The first type of raw milk is from the cow to the consumer. Each state regulates it differently, and it is the ONLY food that is prohibited from crossing state lines by the FDA. Most of the time the animals are certified as organic and are not fed Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) nor treated unnecessarily with antibiotics or hormones. If the state regulates and monitors the production and sale of raw milk, it is usually a very safe product.


The second type goes from the cow to the processor. Many pathogens may be present, even though it is regulated under the FDA's Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO). The animals are rarely allowed to graze and feed naturally, but instead are given corn, dry hay and man-made feeds containing GMOs. They can also be kept in filthy conditions and given antibiotics and hormones to keep them alive and able to produce milk. All 50 states accept this as safe practices that produce a safe consumable product.


Randolph Jonsson's website “Raw Milk Facts” has comprehensive lists about this. I recommend reading through it as well as the entire site. The “National Conference of Interstate Milk Shipments (NCIMS)” also has a great deal of information for you to digest.

Friends with Health Benefits

Did you know that clean raw milk was at one time, used as a medicine? It was used as a treatment and a cure for some very serious and chronic illnesses. From the times of the great Greek philosophers til as early as the first half of the last century, this perfect food's health benefits were known the world over for its medicinal properties.


Some of the nutritional attributes of raw milk are:

• Cow's milk contains all 8 essential amino acids we need to build proteins in our bodies.
  
• Antibodies called Immunoglobulins, usually destroyed during the heating & emulsion processes discussed earlier can help us create natural immunity towards viruses, bacteria and toxins. This milk from OUR mothers helped us to do this when we're infants.
  
• According to Raw Milk Facts's “Health Benefits” section: “Lactose, or milk sugar, is the primary carbohydrate in cow's milk. Made from one molecule each of the simple sugars glucose and galactose, it's known as a disaccharide. People with lactose intolerance for one reason or another (age, genetics, etc.), no longer make the enzyme lactace and so can't digest milk sugar.  “
  
• CLA (conjugated linoleic acid), abundant in milk is being thoroughly studied. Many of it's benefits include: raising metabolic rate, helps to remove abdominal fat, increases muscle growth. That is just a tiny list of the benefits.
  
• Milk contains both water and fat soluble vitamins.
  
• Milk also contains a large variety of essential minerals needed for proper body function.
  
• Milk is alive with beneficial bacteria to help our digestive systems work better. These bacteria are killed during pasteurization.

Grazing Cow 7451797in #StockProject, by ~StockProject1

What to look for in a Raw Milk provider.

There are some questions you should ask yourself and your farmer about their farm, practices and animals.

• How far is the farm in relation to yourself, town or retail location?
  
• What are the laws in my state and town for Raw Milk farming and distribution?
  
• How are the facilities kept?
  
• Is there regular testing of animals, facility and equipment sanitation and the safety of the milk?
  
• How are the animals treated?
  
• Are the animals allowed to live as naturally and organically?
  
• Is there use of hormones and unnecessary antibiotics?
  
• Do they graze in fields for a majority of their lives, and live in natural family groups?
  
• What portion of their diet is man-made feeds?
  
• What portion of their time is spent in pens or barns?
  
• Are the pens and barns in good repair and quite clean or disgusting, filthy and just down right inhumane?
  
• How is the milk harvested from the animals?
  
• How long is it held before it is chilled, packaged and delivered?
  
• Can you visit the farm and see the animals and get to know your possible provider?
  

I'm sure you'll think of more, as will I, but this is just a list of good ones to keep in mind while looking for a farmer to buy from.

How to find Raw Milk providers near me.

There are many ways to find your local farmers, and many sites you can find through your favorite search engine. One of my favorite sites is the Real Milk website. There is also another site called “Cornucopia” to let check how your local organic dairy farm rates against others from all over the country.

Where can I find more information on Raw Milk?

Here is a list of links and short blurbs about other sites where you can find all kinds of information concerning raw milk, its nutrition, science, and much more.

• http://www.raw-milk-facts.com - “My goal with raw-milk-facts.com is to help dispel the myths that have sprung up around one of Nature's most perfect foods.“
  
• http://www.ForFarmers.com - Buy or sell livestock or agricultural products.
  
• http://hartkeisonline.com/category/raw-milk/ - Kimberly Hartke's blog with up-to-date nationwide information and new.
  
• http://www.realmilk.com – Where to get raw milk.
  
• http://www.seedsofhealth.co.uk/articles/case_for_untreated_milk.shtml - a very well written article that should be on your recommended reading list.
  

There are seminars, websites, books and information readily available for you no matter where you are in the world. You may have to do some digging and make some phone calls, but it's there, waiting for you.
I advise you to research and look things up for yourself at all times and to not take anything I have said at face value. I can only help provide a glimpse of information so that you can make educated decisions for yourselves and your families. Learn, understand, question and test. I live by these words and I encourage you to do the same.